The Nexus of Climate Change and Policing
Guidelines to Improve Climate Change Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56331/03132024.31Palavras-chave:
Community Policing, Inter / Intra Service Cooperation, Law Enforcement, Adaptation, Climate ChangeResumo
Climate change has far-reaching consequences that go beyond the environmental, economic, social, and health sectors, influencing public safety and security considerably. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise affect law enforcement and governance, notably in disaster risk reduction and management. Climate change exacerbates current hazards and has been connected to an increase in criminal activity such as human trafficking. It also affects migratory patterns, making law enforcement activities more difficult. These difficulties highlight the critical need for context-specific measures to improve the resilience and adaptability of law enforcement organizations, particularly in developing nations. This involves strengthening law enforcement, implementing community policing techniques, and encouraging inter-service cooperation. Addressing these current circumstances needs immediate attention as well as new cross-sector solutions.
Referências
UN. 2023. “Climate Breakdown Has Begun with Hottest Summer on Record, Secretary-General Warns, Calling on Leaders to ‘Turn Up the Heat Now’ for Climate Solutions.” Accessed August 23, 2023 https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm21926.doc.htm.
United Nations Police. n.d. “Serious and Organized Crime.” Retrieved from: https://police.un.org/en/serious-and-organized-crime
Dell, M., Jones, B. F., & Olken, B. A. 2012. “Temperature Shocks and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Last Half Century.” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2012, 4(3): 66–95 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.3.66
World Bank. 2020. “Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune”. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1602-4
UNEP. 2021. “Adaptation Gap Report 2020”. Nairobi: UNEP.
IMF. (2020). Climate Change and the IMF. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/climate-change
United Arab Emirates. n.d. “Joint Pledge to Support and Enhance the Role of Law Enforcement Agencies in the Context of Global Climate Change Scenarios.” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved from: https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ_Sessions/CCPCJ_32/Statements/Item_8_UAE.pdf
Johansson, T. P., Owidi, E., Ndonye, S., Achola, S., Garedew, W., & Capitani, C. 2018. Community-Based Climate Change Adaptation Action Plans to Support Climate-Resilient Development in the Eastern African Highlands. In W. Leal Filho (Ed.), “Handbook of Climate Change Resilience.” Springer.
Mariani, P. 2023. “Climate Change and International Cooperation.” Accessed September 2, 2023 https://www.sir.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/articles/climate-change-and-international-cooperation.
Cousens, E., & Szabó de Carvalho, I. 2020, September 22. “Why do we need international cooperation now more than ever? World Economic Forum”. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/global-cooperation-international-united-nations-covid-19-climate-change/?DAG=3&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiApuCrBhAuEiwA8VJ6JqmkYMjoxPYn6GKB0EJcWSKiKf80Vh_lpoJGeb4jJAIK_3UV0rxYbBoCcncQAvD_BwE
Carrilho, L. 2019. “Police as First Responders to the Global Climate Crisis.” Accessed August 20, 2023 https://medium.com/we-the-peoples/police-as-first-responders-to-the-global-climate-crisis-d4896f4d8ec.
Euronews. 2023. “Law enforcement isn’t ready for its greatest test yet — climate change.” Retrieved from: https://www.euronews.com/2023/05/24/law-enforcement-is-not-ready-for-its-greatest-challenge-yet-climate-change
BBC. 2021. “Climate change: Low-income countries ‘can’t keep up’ with impacts.” Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-58080083
Luce, D.D.(2021). The U.S. intelligence report warns that climate change threatens to spark instability and conflict around the world.
Matczak, A., & Bergh, S. “A review of the (potential) implications of climate change for policing practice worldwide,” Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Volume 17, 2023, paad062, https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad062
Department of Homeland Security. n.d. “Law Enforcement Resources Addressing Climate Change.” Accessed August 24, 2023 https://www.dhs.gov/climate-change.
Abbott, C. "An Uncertain Future: Law Enforcement, National Security and Climate Change." Prevention Web. October 22, 2023. Accessed August 22, 2023 https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/uncertain-future-law-enforcement-national-security-and-climate-change.
International Labor Organization. n.d. “Training and Capacity Building in the Area of Climate Change, Decent Work and a Just Transition.” Accessed August 25, 2023 https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/WCMS_744371/lang–en/index.htm.
FEMA. n.d. “Training and Education.” Accessed August 25, 2023 https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/training.
International Initiative of Law Enforcement for Climate (I2LEC). 2023. “Guidelines.” Accessed [insert date here]. https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303149739.
GSA. 2021. “Climate Change Risk Management Plan.” Accessed september2, 2023 https://www.sustainability.gov/pdfs/gsa-2021-cap.pdf.
Morgan, M. M. 2022. “Contradictions Between Community-Oriented Police Training and Paramilitary Police Training: Implications for Police Recruit Mental Health Response Training.” Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 37, 876–891.
Bureau of Justice Assistance. 1994. “Understanding Community Policing”. U.S. Department of Justice.
Davis, J. M., & Garb, Y. (2020). Toward Active Community Environmental Policing: Potentials and Limits of a Catalytic Model. Environmental Management, 65, 385–398.
COPS. n.d. “Community Policing Defined.” Accessed August 25, 2023 https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/vets-to-cops/e030917193-CP-Defined.pdf.
UN. 2022. “Small Solutions, Big Impacts: 5 Community-Based Projects Tackling Climate Change.” Accessed September 3, 2023 https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1117122.
Butler, R. 2023. “The Future of Law Enforcement Rests in Its Technology Investment.” Accessed August 22, 2023 https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/government/future-of-law-enforcement-technology/.
UN. 2010. “Right to Water, Fact Sheet N 35.” Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FactSheet35en.pdf.
OHCHR. n.d. “Fact Sheet No. 35: The Right to Water”. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief.pdf
UNICEF. n.d. “Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and climate change.” Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FactSheet35en.pdf
Gleick, P. H. 1996. “Basic water requirements for human activities: Meeting basic needs.” Water International, 21(2), 83-92.
"Survival Needs ." Water: Science and Issues”. Retrieved December 12, 2023, from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/survival-needs
Buser, A. 2023. “National Climate Litigation and the International Rule of Law.” Leiden Journal of International Law 36 (3): 593-615. doi:10.1017/S0922156522000772.
Guruparan, K., & Moynihan, H. 2021, November 11. “Climate change and human rights-based strategic litigation.” Retrieved from: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/11/climate-change-and-human-rights-based-strategic-litigation/challenges-facing-rights-based
Tigre, M.A. 2023, July 27. “The Status of Global Climate Litigation: Tracking the Evolution of Legal Action.” Retrieved from: https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2023/07/27/the-status-of-global-climate-litigation-tracking-the-evolution-of-legal-action
Papadimitriou, L., M. Trnka, P. Harrison, et al. 2019. “Cross-Sectoral and Trans-National Interactions in National-Scale Climate Change Impacts Assessment—The Case of the Czech Republic.” Regional Environmental Change 19: 2453–2464.
NOAA. 2015. “A Guide to Assessing Green Infrastructure Costs and Benefits for Flood Reduction.” Accessed August 25, 2023 https://coast.noaa.gov/data/digitalcoast/pdf/gi-cost-benefit.pdf.
CISION (PR News Wire). n.d. “UAE Unveils International Initiative of Law Enforcement for Climate.” Accessed September 1, 2023 https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/uae-unveils-international-initiative-of-law-enforcement-for-climate-301764626.html.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamed Mliless
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
