Disaggregating Fatal and Non-Fatal Shootings in Boston, 2015-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56331/ijps.v2i1.8771Palavras-chave:
fatal shootings, non-fatal shootings, Boston Police Department, race differencesResumo
Community gun violence is a serious public safety issue. Unfortunately, limitations surrounding data on shootings have made it difficult for members of the public and the research community to understand the nature and trends associated with gun violence and have also hampered policy officials' attempts to reduce the incidence of shootings. This paper makes use of shooting data from the Boston Police Department that contains the location of the shooting as well as whether the shooting was fatal or non-fatal. Results show that two police districts, Roxbury and Mattapan, account for over half of the shootings and that the risk of being fatally shot in these two districts for a black male is almost double that in other districts. Findings have implications for police allocations as well as policy interventions.
Referências
Thomas P. Abt, “Towards a Framework for Preventing Community Violence among Youth,” Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22 (2017):sup1, 266-285, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13548506.2016.1257815.
Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig, “Gun Violence is the Crime Problem. Vital City, Issue 1 (2022): https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/articles/gun-violence-is-the-crime-problem.
Garen J. Wintemute, “The Epidemiology of Firearm Violence in the Twenty-First Century United States,” Annual Review of Public Health vol. 36 (2015): 5-19,
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122535.
Justin Nix and John A. Shjarback, “Factors Associated with Police Shooting Mortality: A Focus on Race and a Plea for More Comprehensive Data,” PloS One, 16(11), e0259024 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259024.
John K. Roman, A Blueprint for a U.S. Firearms Data Infrastructure. NORC: Chicago, IL. (2020), https://www.norc.org/content/dam/norc-org/pdfs/A%20Blueprint%20for%20a%20U.S.%20Firearms%20Data%20Infrastructure_NORC%20Expert%20Panel%20Final%20Report_October%202020.pdf.
Natalie K. Hipple, “Towards a National Definition and Database for Nonfatal Shooting Incidents,” Journal of Urban Health, 99 (2022): 361–372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00638-2.
Lauren A. Magee, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Matthew C. Aalsma, Sami Gharbi, and Sarah E. Wiehe, “Healthcare Utilization and Mental Health Outcomes among Nonfatal Shooting Assault Victims,” Preventive Medicine Reports, May 12;27:101824 (2022), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522001310.
Anthony A. Braga, Philip J. Cook, and Stephen Douglas, “Prevention Strategies for Policing Gun Violence,” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 704(1) (2022): 158-180, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00027162231164481?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.7.
Lawrence W. Sherman, “Goldilocks and the Three “Ts”: Targeting, Testing, and Tracking for “Just Right” Democratic Policing,” Criminology & Public Policy, 21 (2022): 175–196, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1745-9133.12578.
Alex R. Piquero, “Racial Inequality in Firearm Homicide Victimization--but Not Other Types of US Violence,” Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 8(1) (2024), https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-023-00093-2.
Criminal Justice Statistics Interagency Working Group of the Office of Science and Technology Council. Equity and Law Enforcement Data Collection, Use, and Transparency. (2023). https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploadns/2023/05/NSTC-Equity-and-Law-Enforcement-Data.pdf.
Brandon del Pozo, Alex Knorre, Michael J. Mello, and Aaron Chalfin, “Comparing Risks of Firearm-Related Death and Injury among Young Adult Males in Selected US Cities with Wartime Service in Iraq and Afghanistan,” JAMA Network Open, 5(12):e2248132 (2022): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2799859.
Anthony A. Braga and Philip J. Cook, “The Association of Firearm Caliber with Likelihood of Death from Gunshot Injury in Criminal Assaults,” JAMA Network Open, 1(3), e180833 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0833.
Anthony A. Braga, Andrew V. Papachristos, and David M. Hureau, “The Concentration and Stability of Gun Violence at Micro Places in Boston, 1980–2008,” Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26 (2010): 33–53, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10940-009-9082-x.
Jessica H. Beard, Christopher N. Morrison, Sara F. Jacoby, Beidi Dong, Randi Smith, Carrie A. Sims, and Douglas J. Wiebe, D.J. “Quantifying Disparities in Urban Firearm Violence by Race and Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Cartographic Study,” American Journal of Public Health, 107(3) (2017): 371-373, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5296702/.
Chaeyoung Cheon, Yuzhou Lin, David J. Harding, Wei Wang, and Dylan S. Small, “Neighborhood Racial Composition and Gun Homicides,” JAMA Network Open, 3(11):e2027591 (2020): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773288.
City of Boston. (2023). “City of Boston Selected for Violence Reduction Center Cohort.” https://www.boston.gov/news/city-boston-selected-violence-reduction-center-cohort (Accessed January 15, 2024).
Institute of Medicine. (2013). Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Thomas P. Abt, Bleeding Out: The Devastating Consequences of Urban Violence – and a Bold New Plan for Peace in the Streets (New York: Basic Books, 2019).
Sarah B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack, “Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(1) (2017): 1-54, https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/132/1/1/2724542.
Anthony A. Braga, David Weisburd, and Brandon Turchan, “Focused Deterrence Strategies Effects on Crime: A Systematic Review,” Campbell Systematic Review, Sep 9;15(3):e1051 (2019), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cl2.1051.
Daniel W. Webster, Joseph Richardson, Nicholas Meyerson, St. Christopher Vil, and Rachel Topazian, “Research on the Effects of Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: Observations and Recommendations,” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 704(1) (2022): 137-157, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00027162231173323.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Alex R. Piquero, Andrew Wheeler
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.